What does "total adhesion" refer to in traction systems?

Total adhesion in traction systems refers specifically to the maximum force that can be generated by the train's wheels without slipping on the track. This concept is crucial for ensuring effective acceleration and braking in a railway system. When a train accelerates, the force generated by its traction motors must be applied to the track for the motion to occur. If this force exceeds the maximum adhesion force, the wheels will begin to slip, leading to a loss of traction and control.

Understanding total adhesion is essential for engineers and operators because it directly affects the performance and safety of train operations, particularly in conditions where the track may be wet, icy, or dirty, all of which can reduce friction. Thus, managing and maximizing total adhesion is key to optimizing the performance of the traction system.