What purpose do gears serve in traction systems?

Gears play a crucial role in traction systems by adjusting the torque and speed from the traction motors to the wheels. In traction systems, electric motors generate torque to propel the train. The gear system modifies this output, allowing it to match the optimal requirements for wheel rotation.

By changing the gear ratio, the system can either increase torque at lower speeds (which is essential for starting and accelerating the train) or adjust it to achieve higher speeds with reduced torque. This capability is vital for maintaining efficient operation across various speed ranges, ensuring that the train can operate effectively under different conditions, such as climbing inclines or accelerating swiftly.

In contrast, while other options may involve components of the traction system, they do not accurately capture the primary function of gears within this context. Gears specifically focus on the relationship between the motor output and the wheel performance, making their role fundamental to the dynamics of the traction system.